Coverage by study

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Which harmonized variable (“target”) of qes_harmonize() each study has, and how comparable its question is. The grid and the table of studies below are generated from the rules that ship with qesR.

Each cell gives the comparability grade of the study’s question for the target, against the target’s anchor question; a dash means the study has no question for the target. A target’s name links to its section of the variable reference, which gives the question, its wording, the levels it offered and the reason for its grade. qes_spec() returns the same grid as a data frame.

Targets by study

Target	qes2022	qes2018	qes2018_panel	qes2014	qes2012	qes2012_panel	qes_crop_2007_2010	qes2008	qes2007	qes2007_panel	qes1998
Survey design
survey_mode Interview mode	—	—	Identical (pre) *	—	—	—	—	—	Identical *	—	—
Vote and turnout
vote_prov_recall Provincial vote (recall)	Comparable (pes) *	Comparable *	Comparable (post) *	Comparable *	Identical *	Approximate (post) *	—	Comparable *	Comparable *	Approximate (post) *	Comparable (post) *
vote_prov_intent Provincial vote intention	Approximate (cps) *	—	Approximate (pre) *	—	—	Approximate (pre) *	Comparable (each poll) *	—	—	Identical (pre) *	—
vote_prov_intent_push Provincial vote intention, undecided pushed	Approximate (cps) *	—	Approximate (pre) *	—	—	Approximate (pre) *	Comparable (each poll) *	—	—	Identical (pre) *	Approximate (pre) *
turnout_prov_recall Voted in the provincial election (recall)	Approximate (pes)	Approximate	Approximate (post)	Comparable	Identical	Comparable (post)	—	Comparable	Comparable	Comparable (post)	Comparable (post)
turnout_prov_likely Likelihood of voting in the provincial election	Identical (cps)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
vote_prov_intent_other Provincial vote intention: another party (text)	Identical (cps)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
vote_prov_prev Provincial vote at the previous election (recall)	Comparable (cps) *	Comparable * †	—	Identical *	—	—	—	Comparable * †	—	—	—
vote_fed_recall Federal vote at the last federal election (recall)	Comparable (cps)	—	—	—	Identical *	—	—	Comparable *	Approximate *	—	—
Party identification
pid_prov Provincial party identification	Comparable (cps) *	Comparable *	—	Identical *	Identical *	—	—	Comparable *	Comparable *	—	—
pid_fed Federal party identification	Identical (cps)	—	—	—	Comparable *	—	—	—	—	—	—
pid_prov_strength Strength of provincial party identification	Approximate (cps) †	Comparable	—	Identical	Identical	—	—	Approximate	Approximate	—	—
Attitudes
sov_indep Referendum vote: independent country	Comparable (cps) *	Comparable *	—	Identical *	Identical *	—	—	—	—	—	—
sov_sovereign_country Referendum vote: sovereign country	—	—	—	—	—	Identical (pre)	—	—	—	—	—
sov_favour Favour Quebec independence (4 points)	—	—	Identical (post)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
lr_self Left-right self-placement (0-10)	Approximate (cps)	Comparable	Approximate (post)	Identical	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—
interest_4pt Interest in politics (4 points)	—	Comparable	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—
sov_partnership_1995 Referendum vote: the 1995 sovereignty-partnership question	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Comparable	Identical	Comparable (pre)	Comparable (pre)
interest_0_10 Interest in politics (0-10)	Approximate (cps)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Identical	—	—
interest_election_0_10 Interest in the provincial election (0-10)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—
interest_campaign_4pt Interest in the election campaign (4 points)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Identical (pre)	—
sov_partnership_1995_push Referendum vote: the 1995 question, undecided pushed	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Comparable	Identical	Comparable (pre)	Comparable (pre)
satis_demo_qc Satisfaction with democracy in Quebec	Comparable (cps)	Comparable	—	Identical	Identical	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
gov_satisfaction Satisfaction with the Quebec government	Comparable (cps)	Comparable	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	Approximate (pre)	—
econ_retro_qc Quebec’s economy over the past year	Comparable (cps)	Identical	—	Identical	Identical	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
attach_qc Attachment to Quebec	Comparable (cps)	Comparable	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—
attach_ca Attachment to Canada	Comparable (cps)	Comparable	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—
identity_qc_ca Québécois or Canadian identity	Comparable (cps) *	—	—	Comparable *	Identical *	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
therm_leader_plq Rating of the PLQ leader (0-100)	Approximate (cps)	Approximate	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
therm_leader_pq Rating of the PQ leader (0-100)	Approximate (cps)	Approximate	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
therm_leader_caq Rating of the CAQ leader (0-100)	Approximate (cps)	Approximate	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—
therm_leader_qs Rating of the QS leader (0-100)	Approximate (cps)	Approximate	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
therm_leader_adq Rating of the ADQ leader (0-100)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—
Issues
mip_issue Most important issue of the election	Comparable (cps) *	Comparable *	—	Comparable *	Identical *	—	—	Comparable *	—	—	—
Sociodemographics
birth_year Year of birth	Identical (cps)	Comparable	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
birth_month Month of birth	—	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
age Age in years	Identical (cps)	Approximate	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
age_group3 Age group (3 bands)	—	—	Identical (pre)	—	—	Comparable (pre)	Comparable (each poll)	Comparable	—	Comparable (any wave)	Comparable (pre)
citizen Canadian citizen	Identical (cps)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
age_group6 Age group (6 bands)	—	—	—	—	—	Comparable (pre)	Identical (each poll)	Comparable	—	Comparable (any wave)	Comparable (pre)
gender Gender	Comparable (cps)	Comparable *	Comparable (pre) *	Comparable *	Identical *	Comparable (pre) *	Comparable (each poll) *	Comparable *	Comparable *	Comparable (any wave) *	Comparable (pre) *
education4 Education (4 groups)	Comparable (cps)	Comparable	Approximate (pre)	Identical	Comparable	—	Approximate (each poll)	Comparable	Comparable	Approximate (any wave)	—
lang_mother Mother tongue	Approximate (cps)	Comparable	Comparable (pre)	Comparable	Identical	Comparable (pre)	Comparable (each poll)	Comparable	Comparable	Comparable (any wave)	—
born_canada Born in Canada	Identical (cps)	Comparable	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—	—	—	—	—
income_native Household income (each study’s own brackets)	Approximate (cps)	—	Approximate (pre)	Comparable	Identical	—	Approximate (each poll)	Approximate	Approximate	Approximate (any wave)	—
religion Religion (each study’s own categories)	Approximate (cps)	—	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—
region_cma3 Region (Montreal and Quebec CMAs)	—	Identical	Approximate (pre)	Identical	Identical	Comparable (pre)	Comparable (each poll)	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
lang_home Language spoken most often at home	Approximate (pes)	Comparable	—	Comparable	Identical	—	Comparable (each poll)	Comparable	Comparable	Comparable (any wave)	—
relig_attend Attendance at religious services	—	Approximate	—	Approximate	Identical	—	—	Comparable	Comparable	—	—
birthplace3 Birthplace (Quebec, rest of Canada, abroad)	—	Comparable	—	Comparable	Identical	—	—	—	—	—	—

For a study with more than one wave, the wave that asked the question is in parentheses.

* The study’s question did not offer every level of the target: the levels it did not offer are structural zeros, listed in the reference.

† Awaiting sign-off; not used by default (see the reference).

Pooled variables by study

Target	qes2022	qes2018	qes2018_panel	qes2014	qes2012	qes2012_panel	qes_crop_2007_2010	qes2008	qes2007	qes2007_panel	qes1998
vote_choice Provincial vote choice (pooled)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Identical)	recall (Approximate)	intention_push (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Approximate)	recall (Comparable)
sov_support Support for sovereignty (pooled)	independence (Comparable)	independence (Comparable)	favour (Approximate)	independence (Identical)	independence (Identical)	sovereign_country (Identical)	—	partnership_1995_push (Comparable)	partnership_1995_push (Identical)	partnership_1995_push (Comparable)	partnership_1995_push (Comparable)
pol_interest Interest in politics (pooled, 0-1)	general_0_10 (Approximate)	general_4pt (Approximate)	—	general_4pt (Approximate)	general_4pt (Approximate)	—	—	election_0_10 (Approximate)	general_0_10 (Identical)	campaign_4pt (Approximate)	—
turnout Turnout in the provincial election (pooled)	recall (Approximate)	recall (Approximate)	recall (Approximate)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Identical)	recall (Comparable)	—	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)	recall (Comparable)

Each cell gives the member type a pooled variable takes a study’s values from in the respondent layout, and its grade; a dash means no member of its default types has a question in the study.

Studies

Study	Waves and recommended weights	Targets	Identical	Comparable	Approximate
qes2022	cps (n = 1,521): cps_weight_general; pes (n = 1,220): pes_weight_general	35	7	14	14
qes2018	post (n = 3,072): pond	29	3	19	7
qes2018_panel	pre (n = 1,250): weight; post (n = 842): weight_rts	13	3	3	7
qes2014	post (n = 1,517): POND	30	9	20	1
qes2012	post (n = 1,505): pond	31	27	4	0
qes2012_panel	pre (n = 844): pondam1 (not usable yet); post (n = 844): pond_post (not usable yet)	10	1	6	3
qes_crop_2007_2010	24 poll waves, poll_2007_06 to poll_2010_01 (n = 1,000 to 1,004 each): XPOND (not usable yet)	10	1	7	2
qes2008	post (n = 1,151): no recommended weight	27	0	25	2
qes2007	post (n = 2,175): pond	25	6	16	3
qes2007_panel	pre (n = 2,050): pondam1 (not usable yet); post (n = 2,054): pond_tot_am1 (not usable yet)	15	3	8	4
qes1998	pre (n = 1,483): ponder3 (not usable yet); post (n = 1,483): ponder3 (not usable yet)	8	0	7	1

n is the number of respondents of each wave. A weight marked not usable yet is not documented well enough to use: its weight columns are NA. qes_design() uses the weight of the wave each target came from.

Not harmonized: qes1998_crop, qes1998_createc (their respondents are in qes1998). get_qes() reads them.

Relaxed columns of qes_decon()

qes_decon() returns one column per concept for every study, relaxed where the questions differ (One file for every study). The grid says where each study’s values come from: strict where the column is built from a target or a pooled variable of the grid above, relaxed where a relaxed mapping of the study’s own question gives them, and relaxed (awaiting sign-off) where that mapping is not yet signed off, so that qes_decon() leaves the column missing there for now. Relaxed columns carry no grade, and a mapping leaves a study’s column missing where its categories straddle the column’s.

Column	qes2022	qes2018	qes2018_panel	qes2014	qes2012	qes2012_panel	qes_crop_2007_2010	qes2008	qes2007	qes2007_panel	qes1998
citizenship Citizenship	strict	—	relaxed	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
yob Year of birth	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	—	—
age_group Age group	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict
gender Gender	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict
education4 Education (four groups)	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed
education Education	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed
income_cat Household income (thirds)	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	—
language Mother tongue	relaxed	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	strict	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	relaxed
language_fr French as a mother tongue	relaxed	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	strict	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	relaxed
language_eng English as a mother tongue	relaxed	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	strict	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	relaxed
religion Religion	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	—	—	—	—	—	—
marital Marital status	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	—	—	—	—	—	—
employment Employment	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed	relaxed
union Union membership	relaxed	relaxed	—	relaxed	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
region Region	—	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	relaxed	—
region_admin Administrative region	—	relaxed	—	relaxed	relaxed	—	—	—	relaxed	relaxed	—
born_canada Born in Canada	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	—	—	—	—
born_quebec Born in Quebec	—	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	—	—	—	—
vote_choice Provincial vote choice	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict
vote_type Question of the vote choice	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict
turnout Turnout (reported)	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	strict	strict
vote_prev Vote at the previous provincial election	strict	strict	—	strict	—	—	relaxed	strict	—	relaxed	relaxed
pid Provincial party identification	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	—	—
lr Left-right self-placement (0-10)	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	—	—	—	—	—	—
interest Interest in politics	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	strict	—
interest_01 Interest in politics (0-1)	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	strict	—
sovereignty Sovereignty referendum vote	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	strict	strict	strict
sovereignty_type Question of the sovereignty vote	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	strict	relaxed	strict	strict	strict	strict
satis_democracy Satisfaction with democracy in Quebec	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	—	—
gov_satisfaction Satisfaction with the Quebec government	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	—	—	strict	relaxed
econ_retro Quebec’s economy over the past year	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	—	—
econ_self Personal financial situation over the past year	relaxed	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
identity Québécois and Canadian identity	strict	—	—	strict	strict	—	—	strict	strict	—	—
attach_quebec Attachment to Quebec	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	—	—	—	—
attach_canada Attachment to Canada	strict	strict	—	strict	strict	—	—	—	—	—	—

The same grid in R

qes_spec() returns the grid as a data frame, one row per target and one column per study, each cell the grade of that study’s question:

library(qesR)
qes_spec(lang = "en")

A grade compares a study’s question with the target’s anchor question. How harmonization works shows how grades, missing values and weights carry into an estimate.